Saturday, December 31, 2016
This Week in Texas Methodist History Jan. 1
Rev. Henry Matthews Reports on New Year’s Feast, January 1,
1838
Rev. Henry Matthews moved from Houston to San Felipe in 1837 and in December
hosted Martin Ruter and Littleton Fowler who asked him to form a Methodist class in San
Felipe. He declined, citing his
professional duties. Matthews by this
time was no longer preaching. He had
become a doctor and pharmacist and was even acting as coroner for Austin County.
Ruter and Fowler left for Washington about Dec. 21. Matthews recorded the feast his family
enjoyed on New Year’s Day, 1838.
At noon we had a splendid dinner consisting of
apple and peach pies, pound cakes, sugar cakes, custard, stuffed chicken, preserves,
etc, etc. so that our family & hands are feasted as well here as we ever
were in similar occasions in our living. . . . We have had Holy Day fires as
well as feasts here since Christmas.
One year later in Dec. 1838.
Jesse Hord also stopped by San Felipe and asked Matthews to organize a
Methodist society. Again Matthews
refused.
The refusal of Matthews to organize his Methodist neighbors is somewhat puzzling. He kept his local preacher credentials and is famous for marrying the first couple to receive a marriage license issued by Harrisburg (later Harris) County.
Saturday, December 24, 2016
This Week in Texas Methodist History Dec. 25
Twas
the Night Before Christmas. One Degree of Separation with Texas Methodism.
The “small world phenomenon” burst upon the public
consciousness with John Guare’s 1990 play and 1993 movie adaptation, Six Degrees of Separation. One of the characters says, “I read somewhere
that everyone on this planet is separated by only six degrees of separation.”
It’s fun to play “degrees of separation” with Texas
Methodist history. For example, John
Wesley Kenney is one degree removed from John Wesley. Kenney’s mother was converted by John Wesley
on one of trips to Ireland. We could also cite several examples of one
degree of separation with Francis Asbury claimed by Texas Methodists.
One of my most surprising discoveries was when I found two
degrees of separation between David Ayres and Clement Moore, the widely acknowledged author of the most famous Christmas poem in English, A Visit from St. Nicholas.
Clement Moore
is often described as a seminary professor of Greek and Hebrew, but he was much
more than that. His father was Benjamin
Moore, Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of New York. His mother was Charity Clarke, daughter of an
English officer who remained in New
York after service in the French and Indian
Wars. Clarke acquired an estate on the
northern end of the built up area of Manhattan
Island which he called Chelsea. Clement Moore
inherited that estate and made a fortune subdividing it into residential
lots. The area of New
York City has retained the name Chelsea.
Moore gave
66 lots to the Diocese to establish a seminary.
Moore had earned two degrees from Columbia, and when the
seminary was completed, he was appointed Professor of Oriental Languages.
Moore had
a partner in his land development business, Don Alonzo Cushman (1792-1875). Their partnership built houses around the
seminary in the 1820’s, some of which still stand and are widely recognized as
the best examples of the Federal Style in New
York City.
Cushman, who was founder of the real estate firm of Cushman
and Wakefield,
which still exists, is the link between Texas Methodism and A Visit from St. Nicholas.
The most famous Texas Methodist land developer was David
Ayres. He planned a grand Methodist
city, anchored by a Methodist college, Centre Hill in northern Austin County
near the Caney Creek camp meeting site.
To that end he acquired about 11,500 acres for his projected city,
surveyed it into lots, and built a hotel.
He couldn’t finance the project himself, so he borrowed funds from his
brother Silas and his business partners, the company of Ayers, Day, and Heddin
in New Albany, Indiana.
(It’s not a misprint. David was
the only member of the family to spell his name “Ayres.”) Coincidentally, New Albany was also the
home of Martin Ruter’s brother, Calvin Ruter who was Presiding Elder of the district
there. Ayres was in New Albany borrowing funds for Centre
Hill. Martin Ruter was in New Albany entrusting his family to his brother’s care as
he went to Texas. That’s why Ayres and Ruter travelled to Texas together, arriving
in November, 1837.
The firm of Ayers, Day, and Heddin held a mortgage on Centre
Hill.
When the Methodist college was founded at Rutersville rather
than Centre Hill, it was a great blow to the fortunes of the projected
city. The real death blow came when
Centre Hill lost the county seat election to the site of Bellville. Ayres gave up, moved to Galveston.
The value of the Centre Hill property was now greatly diminished. Don Alonzo Cushman acquired the devalued
mortgage, and his agents eventually disposed of the property. That’s how David Ayres is separated by two
degrees from A Visit from St. Nicholas.
Friday, December 16, 2016
This Week in Texas Methodist History December 18
Texas Conference Convenes fro Second Session, December 23,
1841`
The second session of the Texas Conference of the MEC met in
San Augustine on December 23, 1841, with Bishop Thomas A. Morris
presiding.
In spite of economic problems facing Texas and Texas Methodists, the preachers
were able to report significant accomplishments. The membership had grown by 917 members so
the rolls now showed 2795 members. The
conference college at Rutersville boasted an enrollment of between 70 and 80
students. Successful camp meetings were
conducted at Montgomery, Rutersville, and Waugh Camp Ground (then in Milam County,
now in Burleson County).
T. O. Summers had done great work in Houston, strengthening the small society of
Methodists in that city. J. P. Sneed was
able to report new organizations in Victoria,
Gonzales, Port Lavaca, and Seguin. John Haynie had established churches on the Upper Colorado on the Austin Circuit. The geographic footprint of Methodist had
expanded in Texas both northwest, southwest,
and along the Red River settlements.
The conference was strengthened by the addition of transfers
and admissions.
The transfers included John Clark, J. W. Whipple, and
Orceneth Fisher from Illinois,
all of whom were to play major roles in the Texas Conference. William Craig transferred from the
Mississippi Conference. The ordinands included Henderson Palmer,
Daniel Carl, Robert Crawford, John Haynie, and J. W. Whipple. .
The conference included three districts whose Presiding
Elders were among the most renowned in Texas Methodist history.
Robert Alexander was Presiding Elder of the Galveston
District which stretched all the way from Brazoria to Franklin
in Robertson County.
John Clark presided over the Rutersville District which included
Austin, Washington
County, all the way to Victoria and Matagorda.
Francis Wilson had the San Augustine District, basically Liberty, Crockett, and Jasper, all the way to Marshall. In addition to traveling his district
conducting quarterly conferences, he also devoted much time to the
establishment of a college in San Augustine.
One of the most consequential appointments was that of
Littleton Fowler as Agent of Rutersville College. The appointment freed him from the
day-to-day administration that had been his life’s work since the death of
Martin Ruter in May, 1838. Upon Ruter’s
death, he became head of the Texian Mission, and after the Mission
became part of the Mississippi Conference, Presiding Elder for most of East Texas. In
addition he had married, acquired a family, tried to start a farm, and worked
to obtain a college charter. The job as
Agent allowed a break in the hectic life he had been living. He used the opportunity to travel to Ohio and recruit preachers from the two Ohio Conferences
for Texas. Some of those transfers, especially DeVilbiss
and Thrall, were to cast giant shadows over Texas Methodism for decades.
At the conclusion of the conference Bishop Morris did not
return directly home. Instead he went on
a long, difficult winter tour of Texas. He went by Washington
on the Brazos to visit the grave of Martin
Ruter. He stopped at Rutersville to
preach to the college students. He then
went to Austin where his son, Thomas Asbury
Morris was in the process of vacating the office of Attorney General of the Republic of Texas.
The younger Morris had assumed the office when President Lamar appointed
Attorney General Webb as a special negotiator to Mexico. Morris finished out the term and did not stay
for the incoming administration of Sam Houston’s second term. Instead he
accompanied his father to Galveston
and then home.
Saturday, December 10, 2016
This Week in Texas Methodist History December 11
East Texas
Conference Reinforces Provincial Attitudes, Dec. 12, 1877
The East Texas Conference of the MECS convened at Crockett
on December 12, 1877. Bishop Wightman
was detained at the Northwest Texas Conference, so Rev. John Adams was elected
to preside until Bishop Wightman’s arrival.
Times were still hard in the East Texas
Conference in 1877. The expansion of
the rail network and the removal of Native Americans from western Texas made those areas more attractive for migrants to Texas. Farmers looking for new land tended to pass through East
Texas to more attractive lands to the west. The railroads were just starting to expand
into the pine forests of East Texas. They would eventually create a boom in lumber
and other forestry products, but not by 1877.
Delegates to the 1877 Annual Conference
showed a denominational and regional parochialism in the reports.
The Education Committee reported with
disappointment that 6 charges (churches) showed zero attendance at Sunday
School. Can you imagine a a church
without a Sunday School?—well they couldn’t either. The Sunday School was perhaps even more
central in 1877. A circuit rider might come
only once per month, but the Sunday School would meet every week. With the abolition of class meetings,Sunday School was
the glue that held congregations together.
The Sunday School Superintendent was one of the most honored and
respected members of the community.
The committee reported the reason for
the absence of Sunday Schools---some communities had adopted a union Sunday School, combining all the
denominations. Publishers were supplying
Sunday School literature stripped of denominational hot button topics that could
by used by such interdenominational organizations.
The East Texas Conference would have
none of that---“. . .robbing our
statistics annually of numerical and financial strength due them; and worst of
all, permitting their children to grow up without a knowledge of our
doctrines.”
The other provincial resolution also
concerned education. The MECS was in the
process of creating Vanderbilt
University. The East Texas
refused to give its full support for this new institution. Please stay in Texas, but if you have to go
“abroad” Vanderbilt would be ok.
“abroad” Vanderbilt would be ok.
Resolved
that while we firmly hold that Texas young men should be educated on Texas soil
and at Texas institutions, yet, if from any cause any of young men should go
abroad for general education, we certainly would be pleased if they should
attend that noble institution that has been founded at Nashville, . . .
Sure, go ahead and support the most
ambitious university the MECS had ever attempted to that date, but only if you
don’t go to school in Texas.
Saturday, December 03, 2016
This Week in Texas Methodist History December 4
“Mac’s” Promote
Lane College,
December 4, 1885
The Texas Annual Conference met in Austin during the first week of December,
1885. Bishop Holland Nimmons McTyeire (1824-1889)
presided. Also present was John B.
McFerrin, (1807-1887), Mission Secretary
and editor of mission publications. Both
men were among the group of leaders who made Nashville, Tennessee,
the most prominent city in MECS circles.
McTyeire was instrumental in obtaining the gift that established Vanderbilt University there.
The high point
of annual conference is the ordination
of preachers. With the new ordinands
standing before him, McTyeire offered what may seem strange advice. He said.
“Stay off the railroads. Use a
horse to ride your circuits.” His
reasoning was that many people lived away from the railroads. Their souls needed saving. Staying close to the tracks meant that some
souls would spend eternity in hell. The
recommendation echoed Francis Asbury’s decision at age 65 to sell his buggy and
go back to horseback. There were some
roads too narrow for a buggy.
McTyeire and McFerrin were joined by another “Mc” at the Texas
Conference in the cause of another school—Paine Institute in Augusta
Georgia.
On December 4, 1885, as the conference was concluding its
business, a layman, Ben E. McCullouch, rose to present the case for Paine
Institute (later College). Paine was a
fledgling institution, having been founded in 1882 with equal number of
trustees from the MECS and the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church (later
Christian). It was named after Bishop
Robert Paine of the MECS who had helped organize the CME from the African
American membership of the MECS during Reconstruction. Classes began in 1884.
Ben E. McCulloch should not be confused with Benjamin McCulloch,
one of the most distinguished military figures of Texas from his arrival in later 1835 until
his death in the Civil War in 1862. As
far as I can tell, the Ben McCulloch speaking for Paine was his nephew.
He presented the request (today we would call it an apportionment)
for $250 from the Texas Conference for the support of Paine Institute for the
training of African American preachers and teachers. It was known as “a school of prophesy.”
After McCulloch’s speech, McFerrin took the floor to add his
endorsement of the project, adding that he had stayed with McCulloch’s
grandfather as a young circuit rider on his first appointment in Tennessee.
Dr. A. E. Goodwyn, the pastor from Brenham, suggested that the
conference take a collection of cash or pledges right there on the conference
floor. McFerrin immediately thanked him
and suggested that he give $25 to the project himself to start it. McFerrin and McCulloch then went down the
aisles until the $250 had been pledged.
When he returned home, Goodwyn’s congregation paid $30 and relived him
of personally contributing.
At the same time a CME High School was starting in Tennessee.
Eventually it rose to collegiate status as Lane
College in Jackson, Tennessee.
Solicitations for Lane and Paine were a
regular feature of annual conferences in the MECS and even in the southern
conferences of the MC after 1939. The
Disciplinary language that asked MC annual conferences to raise funds for Paine
and Lane did not disappear until the 1968 unification. Both
Paine and Lane College continue to carry on their
educational missions.